A large eyebox is normally difficult to create, as it requires lenses and mirrors that are larger than desired especially for wearable near eye displays. It is more comfortable and ergonomic for the viewer of the virtual image if this exit pupil is large compared to the eye's pupil since small motions of the head or eye do not affect the users view of the virtual image. This virtual image can only be seen in its entirety when the observer's eye pupil is inside a viewing area known as the exit pupil of this optical system. Optical systems used to create an image suitable for viewing with the eye are designed to create a virtual image. In near-eye displays in particular, the size, weight, and cost of the display panel size mean that smaller display panels are more desirable, which tends to mean that the pupil size is also smaller. For a given display panel size and f-number, the FOV decreases as pupil size increases. In such applications, a bigger pupil size is preferred, however, a trade-off exists between field of view (FOV), pupil size, the f-number of the optics, and a display panel size that is to be seen through the optics of the system. BACKGROUNDĪs near-eye displays, such as virtual reality goggles, and heads-up displays become more prevalent, optical issues such as the pupil size of the optical apparatus (sometimes referred to as the exit pupil size) have become more important. This relates generally to optics, and more particularly to techniques for expanding a pupil using replication. 62/666,476 filed May 3, 2018, which are incorporated herein by reference. (2018, April 23).This application is a divisional of U.S. Gonioscopy: What is it and why is it needed? Retrieved from You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. We link primary sources - including studies, scientific references, and statistics - within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. These cells link to nerves that eventually join to form the optic nerve.
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